Preheat the oven to 350°F (175°C) and line a 9x9-inch baking pan with parchment paper for easier removal and cleanup.
In a large mixing bowl, whisk together the flour, sugar, baking powder, and salt until evenly combined.
Add the melted butter, egg, and vanilla extract to the dry ingredients. Stir everything together until crumbly dough forms with small buttery crumbs throughout the mixture.
Reserve about 1 cup of the crumble mixture for the topping and press the remaining dough evenly into the bottom of the prepared baking pan to create the crust layer.
In another bowl, combine the blueberries, sugar, cornstarch, lemon juice, and lemon zest. Toss gently until the blueberries are fully coated and the cornstarch is evenly distributed.
Spread the blueberry mixture evenly over the prepared crust layer, making sure the berries are spread all the way to the edges for even flavor in every bite.
Sprinkle the reserved crumble mixture evenly over the blueberry layer, covering most of the fruit while still allowing some blueberry filling to show through.
Bake for 40–45 minutes or until the crumble topping becomes lightly golden brown and the blueberry filling is bubbling around the edges.
Remove the pan from the oven and allow the bars to cool completely before slicing. This helps the filling set properly and creates cleaner bars.
Slice into squares and serve as is or dust lightly with powdered sugar before serving if desired.